Valoración del cerebelo fetal mediante resonancia magnética / Evaluation of the fetal cerebellum by magnetic resonance imaging

La valoración del cerebelo fetal debe realizarse siempre por protocolo en las ecografías realizadas durante la gestación. Diferentes motivos como limitaciones técnicas o hallazgos ecográficos poco concluyentes han convertido la sospecha de patología del cerebelo fetal en una de las indicaciones más frecuentes de resonancia magnética (RM) prenatal. Aunque la ecografía fetal es la técnica de imagen de elección para su valoración, la RM muestra con mayor detalle la anatomía de la fosa posterior y las anomalías del desarrollo del cerebelo fetal, lo que permite un diagnóstico prenatal más preciso. Describimos la anatomía normal del cerebelo fetal mediante RM, así como las diferentes patologías que afectan a su normal desarrollo, y revisamos la terminología más apropiada para definirla, su diagnóstico diferencial y el papel de la RM en la evaluación prenatal de la fosa posterior (AU)

Obstetric protocols dictate that the fetal cerebellum should always be assessed during sonograms during pregnancy. For various reasons, including technical limitations or inconclusive sonographic findings, suspicion of cerebellar abnormalities is one of the most common indications for prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although sonography is the imaging technique of choice to assess the cerebellum, MRI shows the anatomy of the posterior fossa and abnormalities in the development of the fetal cerebellum in greater detail and thus enables a more accurate prenatal diagnosis. We describe and illustrate the normal anatomy of the fetal cerebellum on MRI as well as the different diseases that can affect its development. Moreover, we review the most appropriate terminology to define developmental abnormalities, their differential diagnoses, and the role of MRI in the prenatal evaluation of the posterior fossa (AU)

Evaluation of the fetal cerebellum by magnetic resonance imaging. / Valoración del cerebelo fetal mediante resonancia magnética.

Obstetric protocols dictate that the fetal cerebellum should always be assessed during sonograms during pregnancy. For various reasons, including technical limitations or inconclusive sonographic findings, suspicion of cerebellar abnormalities is one of the most common indications for prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although sonography is the imaging technique of choice to assess the cerebellum, MRI shows the anatomy of the posterior fossa and abnormalities in the development of the fetal cerebellum in greater detail and thus enables a more accurate prenatal diagnosis. We describe and illustrate the normal anatomy of the fetal cerebellum on MRI as well as the different diseases that can affect its development. Moreover, we review the most appropriate terminology to define developmental abnormalities, their differential diagnoses, and the role of MRI in the prenatal evaluation of the posterior fossa.

Valor de la resonancia magnética cerebral en fetos con sospecha ecográfica de agenesia del cuerpo calloso / Value of brain MRI when sonography raises suspicion of agenesis of the corpus callosum in fetuses

Objetivo. Valorar el papel de la resonancia magnética (RM) en los fetos con sospecha ecográfica de agenesia del cuerpo calloso (ACC) para confirmar el diagnóstico y detectar anomalías intracraneales asociadas. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo de las RM cerebrales realizadas a 78 fetos remitidos a nuestro centro entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2015 por sospecha de ACC. Dos especialistas en diagnóstico por imagen fetal revisaron las exploraciones para evaluar la presencia y la morfología del cuerpo calloso. En los casos de ACC se valoró el resto de la neuroanatomía fetal para determinar la presencia de anomalías asociadas. Se correlacionaron los hallazgos de imagen prenatales con la RM posnatal o con la necropsia, cuando estuvieron disponibles. Resultados. La RM diagnosticó de ACC 45 casos, de los que 12 fueron de tipo parcial (26,7%) y 33 completa (73,3%). Se detectaron anomalías asociadas en 28 casos (62,2%), siendo la más frecuente la ventriculomegalia (78,6%), seguida de las malformaciones corticales (53,6%) y las anomalías de la fosa posterior (25%) y de la línea media (10,7%). Conclusión. La RM fetal facilita el diagnóstico de la ACC y la detección de anomalías asociadas. Su realización es importante ante la sospecha ecográfica prenatal de ACC (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses with a previous sonographic suspicion of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) to confirm the diagnosis and to detect associated intracranial anomalies. Material and methods. Single-center retrospective and descriptive observational study of the brain MRI performed in 78 fetuses with ACC sonographic suspicion between January 2006 and December 2015. Two experts in fetal imaging reviewed the MRI findings to evaluate the presence and morphology of the corpus callosum. When ACC was detected the whole fetal brain anatomy was thoroughly studied to determine the presence of associated anomalies. Prenatal MR imaging findings were compared to postnatal brain MRI or necropsy findings when available. Results. Fetal MRI diagnosed 45 cases of ACC, 12 were partial (26.7%) and 33 complete (73.3%). In 28 cases (62,2%) associated intracranial anomalies were identified. The most often abnormality was ventriculomegaly (78,6%), followed by cortical malformations (53,6%), posterior fossa (25%) and midline anomalies (10,7%). Conclusion. Fetal brain MRI has an important role in the diagnosis of ACC and detection of associated anomalies. To perform a fetal brain MRI is important in fetuses with sonographic suspicion of ACC (AU)

Value of brain MRI when sonography raises suspicion of agenesis of the corpus callosum in fetuses. / Valor de la resonancia magnética cerebral en fetos con sospecha ecográfica de agenesia del cuerpo calloso.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in fetuses with a previous sonographic suspicion of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) to confirm the diagnosis and to detect associated intracranial anomalies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Single-center retrospective and descriptive observational study of the brain MRI performed in 78 fetuses with ACC sonographic suspicion between January 2006 and December 2015. Two experts in fetal imaging reviewed the MRI findings to evaluate the presence and morphology of the corpus callosum. When ACC was detected the whole fetal brain anatomy was thoroughly studied to determine the presence of associated anomalies. Prenatal MR imaging findings were compared to postnatal brain MRI or necropsy findings when available. RESULTS: Fetal MRI diagnosed 45 cases of ACC, 12 were partial (26.7%) and 33 complete (73.3%). In 28 cases (62,2%) associated intracranial anomalies were identified. The most often abnormality was ventriculomegaly (78,6%), followed by cortical malformations (53,6%), posterior fossa (25%) and midline anomalies (10,7%). CONCLUSION: Fetal brain MRI has an important role in the diagnosis of ACC and detection of associated anomalies. To perform a fetal brain MRI is important in fetuses with sonographic suspicion of ACC.

Meningioma lipomatoso: una forma de presentación atípica de los meningiomas / No disponible

No disponible

[Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma: MRI findings in two cases]. / Hematoma subdural espinal espontáneo: hallazgos en resonancia magnética a propósito de dos casos.

Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma is an uncommon finding. This report of two cases of spinal subdural hematoma (one hyperacute and one subacute) discusses the current theory of how it develops, the MRI findings, its differentiation from spinal epidural hematoma, and the value of MRI in monitoring patients undergoing conservative treatment. The most significant MRI findings in the hyperacute phase were isointense signal on T1-weighted sequences and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted sequences. Moreover, T2-weighted gradient-echo sequences showed a hypointense peripheral ring. In the subacute phase, a hyperintense signal was seen on T1-, T1-fat-suppression, and T2-weighted sequences.

Hematoma subdural espinal espontáneo: hallazgos en resonancia magnética a propósito de dos casos / Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma: MRI findings in two cases

El hematoma subdural espinal espontáneo es un hallazgo poco frecuente. En este artículo, a propósito de dos casos de hematoma subdural espinal (hiperagudo y subagudo), se describe la teoría actual del desarrollo del hematoma subdural espinal espontáneo, sus hallazgos en la resonancia magnética, su diferenciación del hematoma epidural espinal y el valor de la resonancia magnética en la monitorización de pacientes en los cuales se decidió un tratamiento conservador. Los hallazgos de la resonancia magnética más destacados eran en la fase hiperaguda una señal isointensa en las secuencias T1 e hiperintensa en T2. Además en las imágenes de eco de gradiente ponderadas en T2 se observó un anillo periférico hipointenso. En la fase subaguda se veía una señal hiperintensa en las secuencias T1, T1 con supresión grasa y T2

Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma is an uncommon finding. This report of two cases of spinal subdural hematoma (one hyperacute and one subacute) discusses the current theory of how it develops, the MRI findings, its differentiation from spinal epidural hematoma, and the value of MRI in monitoring patients undergoing conservative treatment. The most significant MRI findings in the hyperacute phase were isointense signal on T1-weighted sequences and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted sequences. Moreover, T2-weighted gradient-echo sequences showed a hypointense peripheral ring. In the subacute phase, a hyperintense signal was seen on T1-, T1-fat-suppression, and T2-weighted sequences

[Rupture of splenic artery aneurysm as a cause of acute abdomen]. / Ruptura de aneurisma de arteria esplénica como causa de abdomen agudo.

A male, 52 years old, presenting acute abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock, was diagnosed by ultrasound and CAT of fissured aneurysm of the splenic artery. Emergency laparotomy confirmed that the aneurysm had ruptured into the peritoneal cavity.